A positive offset (+) means you are transmitting at a higher frequency than you receive. A negative (-) offset means you are transmitting at a lower frequency than you receive. Standard offsets are referred to with either a positive (+) or a negative (-) number. The 800 MHz, 700 MHz, UHF and UHF T-band radio frequency ranges have standardized offsets. The uplink frequency can then be easily calculated if we know the frequency offset. The uplink and downlink bands are separated in frequency to prevent oscillations within the satellite amplifier while simultaneously transmission and. The downlink frequency is typically the frequency referenced when referring to a “radio’s frequency” in general. A further-improved 3GPP standard called Evolved High. The difference between a radio channel’s uplink (transmit) and downlink (receive) frequencies is known as the frequency offset. High Speed Packet Access ( HSPA) 1 is an amalgamation of two mobile protocols High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)that extends and improves the performance of existing 3G mobile telecommunication networks using the WCDMA protocols. For exemplary scenarios in downlink and uplink, we showed changes in a signal-to-interference ratio versus a separation angle between the serving (useful). This is the opposite of downlink which is when the connection is being sent from the satellite to the transmitters on the ground. In the HetNets, uplink (UL)downlink (DL) decoupled access (UDDa) strategy is an optimal solution that ensures cell association, independently, in the UL and DL. A portable radio for example, would always transmit on the uplink frequency and receive on the downlink frequency. Satellite Uplink The term uplink is commonly used in satellite communications and in this case, refers to the radio wave transmission which travels from a transmitter on the ground to a satellite. Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are a practical solution for traffic offloading from a high powered base station (HBS) to a low powered base station (LBS). Repeaters receive a transmission from a portable radio on the uplink frequency and then simultaneously rebroadcast that same transmission with much higher power on the downlink frequency. Repeater (Duplex Frequency, Repeated) radio communications always require two frequencies: The uplink path from the transmitting radio to the repeater, and the downlink path from the repeater to receiving radio.
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